Deep Vein Thrombosis

There are two types of vein in the legs: deep vein and superficial.
The deep veins pass through the centre of the leg, surrounded by muscles. It’s here that DVT’s most often develop. Less commonly DVT’s occur in the deep veins of the arm or pelvis.

Certain factors make a DVT more likely to occur. They are more common in people aged over 40 and in people who are obese, or who have already had a DVT.
Other factors include:

• Prolonged bed rest
• Major injuries, or paralysis
• Surgery, especially involving the leg joints or pelvis.
• Cancer and its treatments, which can cause the blood clots to move easily.
• Long-distance travel, because of the prolonged immobility
• Pregnancy and childbirth

When a clot forms it can totally block or partially block the blood flow in that vein. Symptoms of a DVT can include:

• Swelling of the leg
• Warmth and redness of the leg
• Pain that is noticeable , or worse when standing or walking

These are not always a sign of a DVT. But anyone who experiences them should contact a doctor immediately.

• Exercise the legs regularly
• Maintain weight that is appropriate for you
• Avoid sitting or lying for prolonged periods
Preventive measures for travellers

Although the added risk of developing a DVT caused by travelling is considered low, it can be reduced even further by exercising the legs at least once every hour during long-distance travel. For example taking regular driving breaks or walking up and down the aisles in planes or coaches.

The muscles of the lower leg can be exercised while sitting by pulling the toes towards the knees then relaxing, or by pressing the balls of the feet down while raising the heel.

• Do not take sleeping pills
• Wear loose-fitting clothing
• Keep the legs uncrossed
• Keep hydrated by drinking normally (avoid alcohol to prevent dehydration)
• Wear compression stockings, particularly for those at higher risk

Some Doctors recommend taking Aspirin before travelling because of its blood thinning effects. However this is not suitable for children and can have side-effects. If in doubt seek the advice of a Doctor or pharmacist.

Anyone who develops swelling or pain in the leg, or breathing problems after travel should seek medical advice urgently.
Treating a DVT
Treatment aims to prevent:
• The clot becoming larger
• The blood clot breaking loose and travelling to the lungs
• New clots from forming
• Post-thrombotic syndrome

The most common treatment is anticoagulant (blood thinning) medicines, which reduce the blood’s tendency to clot. These are usually taken for three to six months. Regular blood tests are needed to check the levels of the drug in the blood.
These medicines can prevent new clots from forming and old clots from growing larger, but they do not dissolve the clot. The body will do this itself over time.

These are used to relieve pain and swelling, as well to prevent post thrombotic syndrome. They may need to be worn for several months.

Most people with a DVT are advised to place a cushion under their feet while resting or sleeping, so that the feet are raised higher than the hips. This helps to reduce the pressure in the vein of the calves.

Department of Health
www.doh.gov.uk/dvt